DIGITAL COMMUNICATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR DEFAMATION LAW: TOWARD RESTORATIVE JUSTICE
Rahmad Lubis(1*), Heri Sulaiman(2), Desi Purnama(3), Nuranisah Nuranisah(4), Ali Mutakin(5)
(1) Nurul Iman Islamic College
(2) Nurul Iman Islamic College
(3) Nurul Iman Islamic College
(4) Nurul Iman Islamic College
(5) Nurul Iman Islamic College
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
The rise in defamation cases in the digital era has accompanied the rapid growth of social media, which enables information to spread widely and quickly. In Indonesia, regulations—notably Article 27(3) and Article 28(2) of the ITE Law—were designed to address this issue. However, their implementation has often been controversial, as they risk restricting freedom of expression and are sometimes applied repressively. This study evaluates the effectiveness of these regulations and explores the use of restorative justice as an alternative for resolving defamation cases. Employing a normative juridical approach, it analyzes various countries' laws, jurisprudence, and legal practices. The findings suggest that restorative justice mechanisms—such as mediation, apologies, and content removal—are more effective in resolving disputes than criminal approaches, which tend to escalate conflicts. Therefore, regulatory reforms, enhanced digital literacy, and collaboration among the government, social media platforms, and the community are essential to implementing restorative-based solutions. A more proportionate approach would enable Indonesia’s legal system to handle defamation cases more fairly, without undermining freedom of expression.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Agustina, R. A., Madjid, A., & Noedajasakti, S. (2023). Freedom of Expression in Regulating Criminal Acts of Defamation Against the Government and State Institutions. Path of Science, 9(8), 1008–1018. https://doi.org/10.22178/pos.95-31
Almujaddedi, M. S., and Revi Hayati. "Perspective of Islamic Law on Hate Comments in Social Media." JCH (Jurnal Cendekia Hukum) 7.2 (2022): 243-256.
Alhakim, A., Girsang, J., & Wadhi, G. Y. (2023). Kajian Yuridis Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Tindak Pidana Hate Speech Cyberbullying di Indonesia. Legalitas: Jurnal Hukum, 15(2), 158. https://doi.org/10.33087/legalitas.v15i2.449
Aniskina, E. G., Mullakhmetova, N. E., & Magankova, A. A. (2022). Cyber-Libel: Proving And Qualification Challenges. 20–25. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2022.01.4
Benesch, S., Bugher, M., Buerger, C., Douek, E., Glavinic, T., & Kaye, D. (2018). But Facebook ’ s Not a Country : How to Interpret Human Rights Law for Social Media Companies government does , and their platforms are being used to bring about seri- to freedom of expression – for use by social media companies , in novel de-. 86–111.
Bloch-Wehba, H., Balkin, J., Berman, E., Crootof, R., Daskal, J., Eichensehr, K., Estrin, M., Haupt, C., Keller, D., Kirtley, J., Kitrosser, H., Klonick, K., & Reed, C. (2019). Global Platform Governance: Private Power in the Shadow of the Global Platform Governance: Private Power in the Shadow of the State State. Southern Methodist University Law Review, 72(1), 27–80. https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/facscholar/1402
Chatzakou, D., Leontiadis, I., Blackburn, J., Cristofaro, E. De, Stringhini, G., Vakali, A., & Kourtellis, N. (2017). Detecting Cyberbullying and Cyberaggression in Social Media ∗.
Erdem, B. (2022). The Elements of Freedom of Expression in the Light of the European Convention on Human Rights. European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 8(2), 70–80. https://doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v4i2.p181-187
Espinoza-Rausseo, A. P., & Rivas-Alberti, J. F. (2023). Freedom of expression in the tripartite legal relations of defamation and privacy in the jurisprudence of the United States and a brief comparative approach. Anuario Iberoamericano de Justicia Constitucional, 27(1), 153–181. https://doi.org/10.18042/cepc/aijc.27.05
Fish, B. (2020). No 主観的健康感を中心とした在宅高齢者における 健康関連指標に関する共分散構造分析Title. 2507(February), 1–9.
Friastutu, R. (2021). Pencemaran Nama Baik di Media Sosial. Kumparan.Com, 6(4), 16–32. https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/polri-kasus-uu0ite-terbanyak-terkait-pencemaran-nama-baik-ada-1-794-laporan-1vKQXFs6cNx
Gizaw, T. S. (2017). The Voice of the People Compromised and Accountability Denied. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 7(4), 58. https://doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v7i4.12058
Jennah, R., & Hidayat, N. A. (2022). Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Bagi Orang Tua Pelaku Eksploitasi Anak Untuk Konten Media Sosial. YUSTISIA MERDEKA : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 8(2), 22–28. https://doi.org/10.33319/yume.v8i2.153
Jin, Y., & Kakkar, H. (2023). The Effect of Social Media on Dominance. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2023(1), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.5465/amproc.2023.11045abstract
Journal, D. L., Inozemtsev, M. I., Journal, D. L., Journal, D. L., & Journal, D. L. (2020). От редакции 4.0. 1(1), 10–11.
Kamran, Muhammad, Ahmadi Miru, and Maskun Maskun. "Online Selling And Buying Fraud: The Law Of Electronic Transaction Perspective." JCH (Jurnal Cendekia Hukum) 6.2 (2021): 270-288.
Kanci, H. V. P., Leo, R. P., & Amalo, H. (2023). Criminal Liability Of Disseminator’s Pornographic Content On Social Media. Journal of Digital Law and Policy, 2(3), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.58982/jdlp.v2i3.384
Klonick, K. (2015). Re-Shaming the Debate: Social Norms, Shame, and Regulation in an Internet Age. SSRN Electronic Journal, 75(4). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2638693
Küpper, H. (2020). Expert Opinions on Foreign Law in Court: Applied Comparative Law in the Munich Institute for East European Law. Central European Journal of Comparative Law, 1(1), 111–130. https://doi.org/10.47078/2020.1.111-130
Kuznetsova, J. A., & Kalmazova, N. A. (2022). The Concept Of Defamation In The Russian And American Law: Comparative Analysis. 378–384. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2022.01.61
Laidlaw, E. B. (2019). Re-Imagining Resolution of Online Defamation Disputes. Osgoode Hall Law Journal, 56(1), 162–202. https://doi.org/10.60082/2817-5069.3390
Lavis, A., & Winter, R. (2022). # Online harms or benefits ? An ethnographic analysis of the positives and negatives of peer support around selfharm on social media # Online harms or benefits ? An ethnographic analysis of the positives and negatives of peer-support around self-harm on social media. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13245
Ludvigsen, K. R., Nagaraja, S., & Daly, A. (2022). The Dangers of Computational Law and Cybersecurity; Perspectives from Engineering and the AI Act. http://arxiv.org/abs/2207.00295
Maghfiroh, R., Abbas, R., Syariah, F., E-mail, I. J., Syariah, F., & E-mail, I. J. (2020). Studi Komparasi Penyebaran Berita Bohong ( Hoax ) Perspektif UU ITE dan Hukum Pidana Islam Pendahuluan Perkembangan teknologi saat ini sangat mempengaruhi pola perilaku kehidupan. 1(August), 154–165.
Manfrin, N. R. (2019). A comunicação digital Como possibilidades de integraão social. Regrad, UNIVEM, 12(1), 45–62. https://revista.univem.edu.br/REGRAD/article/view/2774
Michaelsen, M., & Thumfart, J. (2023). Drawing a line: Digital transnational repression against political exiles and host state sovereignty. European Journal of International Security, 8(2), 151–171. https://doi.org/10.1017/eis.2022.27
Mochamad Arsya Nugraha, Neni Sri Imaniyati, & Muhammad Ilman Abidin. (2024). Perlindungan Hukum Konten Kreator pada Platform Youtube terhadap Pengunggahan Ulang Video di Instagram Tanpa Izin Ditinjau Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta. Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies, 4(1), 356–362. https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsls.v4i1.9870
Muhammad Feby Andreawan, & Safik Faozi. (2022). Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Tindak Pidana Berita Hoax Penyebaran Kebencian. The Juris, 6(2), 551–556. https://doi.org/10.56301/juris.v6i2.628
Nord, J. H., Achituv, D. B., & Paliszkiewicz, J. (2017). Communication through Social Technologies: A Study of Israeli Women. Journal of International Technology and Information Management, 26(1), 45–80. http://libaccess.mcmaster.ca/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/communication-through-social-technologies-study/docview/1938528460/se-2?accountid=12347%0Ahttp://sfx.scholarsportal.info/mcmaster?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/f
Ortega-barón, J. (2018). Malestar psicológico y apoyo psicosocial en víctimas de ciberbullying. 357–366.
Pater, J. A., Kim, M. K., Mynatt, E. D., & Fiesler, C. (2016). Characterizations of online harassment: Comparing policies across social media platforms. Proceedings of the International ACM SIGGROUP Conference on Supporting Group Work, 13-16-November-2016, 369–374. https://doi.org/10.1145/2957276.2957297
Peleschyshyn, A., Klynina, T., & Gnatyuk, S. (2019). Legal mechanism of counteracting information aggression in social networks: From theory to practice. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2392.
Permatasari, I. A., & Wijaya, J. H. (2019). Implementasi Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik Dalam Penyelesaian Masalah Ujaran Kebencian Pada Media Sosial. Jurnal Penelitian Pers Dan Komunikasi Pembangunan, 23(1), 27–41. https://doi.org/10.46426/jp2kp.v23i1.101
Prahassacitta, V. (2021). Offences Principles and a Limitation for Disinformation Via the Internet in Indonesia. Indonesian Law Journal, 14(1), 37–51. https://doi.org/10.33331/ilj.v14i1.49
Rochford, F. (2023). ‘ Mind-forg ’ d Manacles ’: Virtual Experience and Innocent. 2193–2206.
Said, Muhammad Fachri. "Perlindungan hukum terhadap anak dalam perspektif hak asasi manusia." JCH (Jurnal Cendekia Hukum) 4.1 (2018): 141-152.
Sarr, M. G. (2019). Potential benefit and harm of social media and predatory publishing : a commentary on B Antibiotic-treated acute appendicitis — reception in social media ^. 351–352.
Sidorenko, E. L., & Von Arx, P. (2020). Transformation of law in the context of digitalization: defining the correct priorities. Digital Law Journal, 1(1), 24–38. https://doi.org/10.38044/dlj-2020-1-1-24-38
Tzelios, K., & Williams, L. A. (2020). The Psychological Impact of Digital Signatures : A Multistudy Replication. 1–5.
Ukum, H., Eknologi, T., Cyber, R., Puri, V. Y., & Siregar, M. R. (2020). P s n h t. 1(1).
Ur Rahman, M. W., Shao, S., Satam, P., Hariri, S., Padilla, C., Taylor, Z., & Nevarez, C. (2022). A BERT-based Deep Learning Approach for Reputation Analysis in Social Media. Proceedings of IEEE/ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications, AICCSA, 2022-December. https://doi.org/10.1109/AICCSA56895.2022.10017489
Victoriia, P. (2020). Psychology the Psychological Role of Ethnic Identity. 3(March), 31–34. https://doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal
Widyati, L. S. (2017). Tindak Pidana Penghinaan Terhadap Presiden Atau Wakil Presiden: Perlukah Diatur Kembali Dalam Kuhp? (Defamation Against the President or Vice President: Should It Be Regulated in the Criminal Code?). Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum Untuk Keadilan Dan Kesejahteraan, 8(2), 215–234. https://doi.org/10.22212/jnh.v8i2.1067
Wong, H. Y., Mo, H. Y., Potenza, M. N., Ni, M., Chan, M., Lau, W. M., Chui, T. K., Pakpour, A. H., & Lin, C. (2020). Relationships between Severity of Internet Gaming Disorder , Severity of Problematic Social Media Use , Sleep Quality and Psychological Distress. 1–13.
DOI: http://doi.org/10.33760/jch.v10i2.1016
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 JCH (Jurnal Cendekia Hukum)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Published by STIH Putri Maharaja Payakumbuh
Indexing by
