THE EXONERATION CLAUSES IN PARKING PRACTICES: A REVIEW FROM THE PRINCIPLE OF PROPORTIONALITY AND INCLUSIVE LAW
Herbert Petrus Wiro Simbolon(1), I Gede Agus Kurniawan(2*)
(1) Universitas Pendidikan Nasional
(2) Universitas Pendidikan Nasional
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
This research focuses on the analysis of exoneration clauses in parking practices from the perspective of proportionality and inclusive law perspectives. This research is a normative legal research with a concept, case, and statutory approach. The results of the study confirm that exoneration clauses in parking practices are usually not in accordance with the principle of proportionality because they ignore the substance in various court decisions where one of the substances is the exoneration clause should not be a means to "escape" from the responsibility of the parking manager because as stated in MA Decision No. 3416/Pdt/1985 parking practices are constructed as goods safekeeping agreements and the existence of an exoneration clause does not eliminate the responsibility of the parking manager to safeguard the goods deposited as long as it can be proven without any intention or negligence by the parking manager. Therefore, in the future the principle of proportionality can serve as a guide as well as a tester for the substance of the exoneration clause in parking practices. Furthermore, an inclusive legal perspective with regard to exoneration clauses in parking practices, in fact, exoneration clauses in parking practices is contrary to the spirit of prophetic law which emphasizes balanced legal relations and relations between parking managers and parking users as consumers. For this reason, to overcome the existence of an exoneration clause in parking practices is to involve the role of the regions in formulating a Regional Regulation which states that the exoneration clause in parking practices with the substance of business actors, namely the parking manager, is not responsible for losses suffered by consumers, namely parking users, is null and void by law. and can be accompanied as in the provisions of the PK Law.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdul Rahman, Annisa Khusnur Rosyida, Nur Afifah Aminudin, S. S. (2022). Principle of Proportionality as a Reflection of the Theory of Justice and its Application by Judges in the Resolution of Business Contract Disputes. De Lega Lata, 7(1), 164.
Agustin, R., & Saputra, A. (2022). Analysis of Exoneration Clauses In Terms and Use Of The Tik Tok Application. Legal Brief, 11(2), 1404–1411.
Ahmad Yani Kosali, & Dimas Pratama Putra. (2021). Clause of Unlawful Action that May Void Arbitration Rules. Journal of Sustainable Development Science, 3(1), 26–34. https://doi.org/10.46650/jsds.3.1.1063.26-34
Anna Maria Tri Anggraini, Simanjuntak, M., Safari, A., Halim, R. E., & Riyadi, S. (2022). Consumer Protection in the Retail and Financial Services Sectors against the Practice of Exoneration Clauses. Journal of Consumer Sciences, 7(2), 83–96. https://doi.org/10.29244/jcs.7.2.83-96
Bagus Imam Faisal, Siwi Widia Dara, St. Ika Noerwulan Fraja, Z. (2020). Pertanggungjawaban Pengelola Parkir Atas Kehilangan Kendaraan di Tempat Parkir. RechtIdee, 15(2), 346.
Bryan A. Garner, H. C. B. (2019). Black’s Law Dictionary (11th ed.). West Publishing Co, St. Paull.
Chusnida, N. L. (2021). Juridical Review of the Exonaration Clause on Lion Air Airlines Terms & Conditions According to Law Number 8 of 1999 Concerning Consumer Protection. Ligahukum, 1(2), 158–164. https://doi.org/10.33005/ligahukum.v1i2.27
CNN Indonesia. (2023). Jumlah Kendaraan Januari 2023: Lebih Setengah Populasi Warga Indonesia (p. 1). www.cnnindonesia.com. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/otomotif/20230105090933-579-896395/jumlah-kendaraan-januari-2023-lebih-setengah-populasi-warga-indonesia (Diakses Pada Tanggal 30 Januari 2023).
Eka N.A.M. Sihombing, C. H. (2022). Penelitian Hukum (1st ed.). Setara Press.
Fauzi, M. N. K., & Kusworo, D. L. (2021). Legal Effectivity: Transisi Electronic Commerce Pada Era Pandemi Terhadap Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2019. Res Judicata, 1–22. http://openjurnal.unmuhpnk.ac.id/index.php/RJ/article/view/2709
Field, S. (2016). Introduction To The Law of Contract (1st ed.). Bookboon Learning.
Friedman, B., Harris, A., Huebner, B. M., Martin, K. D., Pettit, B., Shannon, S. K. S., & Sykes, B. L. (2022). What Is Wrong with Monetary Sanctions? Directions for Policy, Practice, and Research. Rsf, 8(1), 221–244. https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2022.8.1.10
Hakim, J. (2019). Exoneration Clause on Law of Consumer Protection: Effects and Legal Efforts. Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan, 8(2), 297. https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.8.2.2019.297-314
Hernoko, A. Y. (2014). Hukum Perjanjian: Asas Proporsionalitas dalam Kontrak Komersial (4th ed.). Kencana.
HILDA, S. (2021). Jual Beli Dengan Klausula Baku Dalam Perspektif Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Islam. E-Journal.Metrouniv, 1(1), 1–10. https://e-journal.metrouniv.ac.id/index.php/muamalah/article/view/3474
I Gede AB Wiranata;Yennie Agustin MR. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian dan Penulisan Ilmiah Bidang Hukum. In Anugrah Utama Raharja (1st ed.). Anugrah Utama Raharja.
Ida Bagus Panji Winangun, K. A. (2022). Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Pengawasan Dalam Penertiban Parkir Liar Di Kota Denpasar. Jumaha, 2(2), 417–430.
Khoiril Jamil, Nury & Rumawi, R. (2020). Implikasi Asas Pacta Sunt Servanda Pada Keadaan Memaksa (Force Majeure) Dalam Hukum Perjanjian Indonesia. Jurnal Kertha Semaya, 8(7), 1044–1054.
Khuzaeni, A. F. (2020). Mengenal Hukum Inklusif Perspektif Indonesia. Majalah Konstitusi, 158, 43.
Kurniati, H. (2021). Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Konsumen Dalam Klasula Eksonerasi Pada Karcis Kendaraan Bermotor. Rechtebs, 10(1), 13–26.
Kurniawan, F., Nugraha, X., Putra, G. A., Taniady, V., & Jansen, B. (2022). The Principle of Balance Formulation as the Basis for Cancellation of Agreement in Indonesia. Lex Scientia Law Review, 6(1), 121–156. https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v6i1.55468
Kurniawan, R. (2023). Jumlah Kendaraan di Indonesia Tembus 152 Juta di Awal 2023 (p. 1). otomotif.kompas.com. https://otomotif.kompas.com/read/2023/01/10/064200415/jumlah-kendaraan-di-indonesia-tembus-152-juta-di-awal-2023 (Diakses Pada Tanggal 29 Januari 2023).
Latifiani, D. (2020). Renewal Of The National Contract Law. Hukum Progresif, 8(2), 137.
M. P., R. M. and J. (2020). Exclusion Clauses Under the Indian Contract Law: A Need to Account for Unreasonableness. NUJS Law Review, 13(4), 5.
Nisa, K., Sukarno, D., & Buchori, A. (2022). Implementasi Kebijakan Penyelenggaraan Retribusi Parkir Tunai Di Kawasan Taman Dewi Sartika Pelataran Balai Kota Bandung Implementation of Cash Parkirng Retribution Policy in Dewi Sartika Park Area in Bandung City Hall. Jurnal Administrasi Negara), Februari, 13(2), 225–234.
Pane, E. P. (2022). Penerapan Asas Proporsionalitas Dalam Perjanjian Kredit Berbasis Online. Locus Journal of Academic Literature Review, 1(1), 39.
Pilich, M. (2021). Disobedience of Judges as a Problem of Legal Philosophy and Comparative Constitutionalism: A Polish Case. Res Publica, 27(1), 593–617.
Putri, R. D. (2021). Perlindungan Hukum Penerapan Klausula Eksonerasi Pada Perjanjian Investasi Perdagangan Kontrak Berjangka Bagi Nasabah Di Pt Kontak Perkasa Future Pekanbaru Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. AHKAM: Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum, 2(1), 32.
Raden Roro, F. S., Hernoko, A. Y., & Anand, G. (2019). the Characteristics of Proportionality Principle in Islamic Crowdfunding in Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 49(2), 455. https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol49.no2.2013
Richi Demichel Johannes, Irawan, R. E. (2022). Manajemen Retribusi Parkir Dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah Pada Pemerintah Kota Kupang Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Konseling, 4(5), 1707–1715.
Sadya, S. (2023). Polri Catat 152,51 Juta Kendaraan di Indonesia pada 2022 (p. 1). dataindonesia.id. https://dataindonesia.id/Sektor Riil/detail/polri-catat-15251-juta-kendaraan-di-indonesia-pada-2022 (Diakses Pada Tanggal 30 Januari 2023).
Sari, I. (2020). Perbuatan Melawan Hukum (PMH) dalam Hukum Pidana dan Hukum Perdata. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Dirgantara, 11(1), 53–70. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35968/jh.v11i1.651
Silalahi, W. (2021). Urgensi Perlindungan Konsumen Berbasis Teknologi Digital ( the Urgence of Consumer Protection Based on Digital Technology ). 589–598.
Simanjuntak, W., Admiral, & Thamrin. (2021). The Application of Proportionality Principle in the Implementation of Outsourcing Work Contract (Switch of Power) Cleaning Service PT. Atalian Global Service Pekanbaru. Proceedings of the 1st UMGESHIC International Seminar on Health, Social Science and Humanities (UMGESHIC-ISHSSH 2020), 585, 776–782. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211020.117
Sinaga, N. A. (2020). Perspektif Force Majeure Dan Rebus Sic Stantibus Dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Dirgantara, 11(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.35968/jh.v11i1.648
Suryahartati, D. (2019). Perjanjian Penitipan Barang Dalam Pengelolaan Parkir Bagi Perlindungan Konsumen Di Indonesia. Acta Diurnal Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan Dan Ke-PPAT-An, 2(2), 252. https://doi.org/10.24198/acta.v2i2.102
Syalom W.J. Gerungan, Anna Wahongan, R. L. (2022). Pertanggungjawaban Perdata Pengelola Parkir Terhadap Kendaraan Konsumen. Lex Administratum, 10(5), 8.
Syarifa, R., Rahmawati, L., Andini, P. F., Simanjuntak, M., & Anggraini, A. M. . (2022). Menyelisik Isu Perlindungan Konsumen pada Klausula Eksonerasi di Sektor Jasa Keuangan dan Retail dengan Pendekatan Mixed Methods. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga Dan Konsumen, 15(2), 178–191. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2022.15.2.178
Tarmizi, T. (2020). The Principle of Consensualism and Freedom of Contract as a Reflection of Morality and Legal Certainty of Contract Laws in Indonesia. Webology, 17(2), 336–347. https://doi.org/10.14704/WEB/V17I2/WEB17036
Thontowi, J. (2019). Hukum Inklusif Perspektif Indonesia. Total Media.
Tim Yuridis.id. (2020). Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Pengelola Parkir Terhadap Motor atau Helm Di Parkiran (p. 1). yuridis.id. https://yuridis.id/pertanggungjawaban-hukum-pengelola-parkir-terhadap-motor-atau-helm-di-parkiran/ (Diakses Pada Tanggal 30 Januari 2023).
Tobing, D. M. L. (2019). Klausula Baku: Paradoks dalam Penegakan Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen (1st ed.). Gramedia.
Viswandoro. (2014). Kamus Istilah Hukum: Sumber Rujukan Peristilahan Hukum (Alex (ed.); Cetakan ke). Penerbit Medpress Digital.
Yustina Dhian Novita, B. S. (2021). Urgensi Pembaharuan Regulasi Perlindungan Konsumen di Era Bisnis Digital. Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 3(1), 48.
DOI: http://doi.org/10.33760/jch.v8i2.655
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 JCH (Jurnal Cendekia Hukum)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Published by STIH Putri Maharaja Payakumbuh
Indexing by
